Aṣhtanārī Sandēśaya

Aṣhtanārī Sandēśaya, “a poetical message through eight damsels”, is a book of poetry found written on palm-leaf manuscripts or puskola poth in Sri Lanka in Sinhala language. This work was composed by a poet who lived at Mæṭioḷuva village in Sath Kōrale towards the early period of the Kandyan Kingdom (1469 to 1815 AD). The purpose of this Sandēśaya (message of plea) was to wish Ulagalla Disāwa, a chieftain of Hurulu Palāta in Nuvarakalāviya , well, and to urge blessing of holy deities for the release of lands and territories of his ancestral inheritance. The messengers of eight young women (damsels) travelled nearly 100 Kilometres from Nāthagane village (in Sath Korale), adjoining to the poet’s village, to Gaṭulāgan Vihāra (currently known as Thalagulu Vihāraya) in Nuvarakalāviya (Anuradhapura District), which is close to Ulagalla’s mansion, to deliver the message of the plea. I collected palm-leaf manuscripts of this Sandēśaya, compared and analysed them. This effort enabled me to assemble potentially a credible version of the original Sandēśaya . The final outcome is this publication. Now it is presented to local Sri Lankan and international readers for the first time. A brief literary appreciation of the Sandēśaya revealed that the poet who emerged from a humble village in Sath Kōrale, had the understanding of the subtle nature of this auditory medium (Sandēśa poetry), creativity, poetic insight and language proficiency. I observed the poet’s capacity to elicit images, feelings and meanings in the listeners’ minds by employing effective styles including figures of speech and rhythmic qualities of the Sinhala language. Curiously, the story behind this Sandēśaya unravels a political struggle faced by chieftains of South Indian descent (Dravidian) in Nuvarakalāviya. Ulagalla Disawa represents an ancestry of South Indian origin who won honorary names and chieftain positions with awards of lands and territories from the king Buvanekabahu of Dambadeni Kingdom (1220 to 1345 AD). A significant portion of South Indian migrant families of the elite, who moved to Sri Lanka during the medieval times, settled in Sath Kōrale and Nuvarakalāviya and eventually absorbed themselves into Sinhala Buddhist society. The Sandēśaya starts from the village of Nāthagane, the capital city of the Mundukondapola regional kingdom (which encompassed Sath Kōrale) to which many families of the South Indian (Dravidian) elite flocked seeking chieftain positions and lands for settlements during Kotte and Sithawaka period. This Sandēśaya gives an insight into their ongoing struggle to maintain their power and privileges. By the time this Sandēśaya was written (in early 17th century) the power and privileges of Ulagalla ancestry seemed to have been dislodged and it was felt necessary to seek divine intervention for the restoration. It appeared that many chieftains in Sath Kōrale and Nuvarakalāviya, who particularly had South Indian affiliation, expressed solidarity with the Ulagalla cause. They sponsored the pageant that carried the Sandēśaya along the route to Gaṭulāgan Vihāre. It is an intriguing factor to note that Aṣhtanārī Sandēśaya is not only a modest piece of poetry but also a story of an illusory ancestry.